Yb:YAG is one of the most promising laser-active materials and more suitable for diode-pumping than the traditional Nd-doped crystals.

The main technology is the extraction of anhydrous oil using by a compressor method using a depth switch valve.

Water breakthrough is one of the primary risks for producing wells. The nature of the reservoir watercut is very different and depends on the productive strata properties, the oil occurrence initial conditions, and the field development system. The watercut exerts a direct effect on the oil recovery factor, of 27-28% in our country, compared to 45% in the U.S.

Formation water breakthrough can occur for a variety of reasons, including damage to the insulating elements. This may result in accelerated watering and even well loss. It is not difficult to find fluid leakage in a vertical well, but a specialized well intervention with PLT, followed by a complete replacement of the casing string, is required to determine the cause of integrity loss. However, determining the cause of increasing watercut is, as a rule, much more challenging to pinpoint in horizontal wells.