Electrodialysis units (EDU) are used for desalting slightly salted water, obtaining drinking water, preparing water in production processes, concentrating solutions, and much more. The electrodialysis module is a filter-press type equipment that consists of two repeatedly appearing sections: the concentration section (brine) and the desalting section (desalting). Before switching on the direct current, all sections of the electrodialyzer are evenly filled with cations and anions of the electrolyte. When the current is switched on, cations migrate through the cationic membrane to the cathode, but their further electromigration to the cathode is limited by the low-permeable anionite membrane. Accordingly, anions migrate to the anode through the anionite membrane when a direct electric current flows, but further electromigration to the anode is prevented by cationic membranes, which are not permeable to anions. The result is a symmetrical process in which cations and anions from even sections, called desalting sections, migrate to odd sections, where they accumulate, and the sections are called concentration sections (brine).

Nanofiltration units (NFU) are based on the use of nanofiltration technology – a baromembrane process that consists of filtering of a liquid under pressure through a semipermeable membrane with a pore size of 1-10 nm. The technology occupies an intermediate position between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis filtration processes, but unlike the latter, in nanofiltration, the selectivity for multi-charged ions is higher than for single-charged ones, and the transmembrane pressure is lower.

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